1.       General Manifestations

i)   Psora develops itch.

i)      Sycosis develops catarrhal discharges.

i)     The syphilitic miasm has virulent open ulcers.

i)     The tubercular miasm has haemorrhages.

ii)   Unhealthy skin with burning and itching represents psora.

ii)     Oily skin with thickly oozing and copious perspiration, represents sycosis.

ii)     Ulcerated skin with pus and blood represents syphilis.

ii)     Oily skin with coldness represents the tubercular miasm.

iii)    All ‘hypos’ are mainly psoric.

iii)    ‘Hypers’ are sycotic.

iii)          ‘Dyses’ are syphilitic.

iii)     Allergies are tubercular.

iv)   Hypoplasia is psoric.

iv)    Hyperplasia is sycotic.

iv)          Dysplasia is syphilitic.

iv)   Alternation of 'hypo' and dysplasia is tubercular.

v)     Atrophy, ataxia, anaemia and anoxaemia are psoric.

v)     Hypertrophy is sycotic.

v)          Dystrophy is syphilitic.

v)     Dystrophy with haemorrhage is tubercular.

vi)   Hypotension is psoric.

vi)   Hypertension is sycotic.

vi)      Irregular, arrhythmic pulse is syphilitic.

vi)   Intermittent pulse is tubercular.

vii)   Lack, scanty, less and absence denote psora.

vii)   Exaggeration or excess denotes sycosis.

vii)   Destruction and degeneration denote syphilis.

vii)  Alternation and periodicity is tubercular.

viii)   Weakness is psoric.

viii)   Restlessness (especially physical) is sycotic.

viii)   Destructiveness is syphilitic.

viii) Changeableness is tubercular.

ix)       An inhibitory tendency is psoric.

ix)       An expressive tendency is sycotic.

ix)       Melancholic, depressive and suicidal tendencies are syphilitic.

ix)       A dissatisfied tendency is tubercular.

x)         Dryness of membrane denotes psora.

x)         Augmented secretion denotes sycosis.

x)         Ulceration denotes syphilis.

x)         Haemorrhages and allergies denote the tubercular miasm.

xi)       Psora does not assimilate well.

xi)       Sycotics are over-nourished.

xi)       Syphilitics have disorganised digestion.

xi)       Tubercular types crave the things, which make them sick.

xii)      The secretions of psora are serous.

xii)      Sycotic secretions are purulent.

xii)      Syphilitic secretions are sticky, acrid and putrid.

xii)      Tubercular secretions are haemorrhagic.

2.       General Nature of the Miasm

Hyper-sensitivity (basically psora is ‘hypo’ in expression which leads to low immunity resulting in hyper-susceptibility. This manifests as an exalted sensitivity to external allergens and environment).

Itching, irritation and burning lead towards congestion and inflammation with only functional changes.

The capacity to produce hypersensitivity or in other words the sensitising property of psora is the basic nature. By dint of this property it makes the organism susceptible to all sorts of environmental conditions and diseases, as well as to allergens.

Sycosis produces incoordination everywhere, resulting in over-production, growth and infiltration in the form of warts, condylomata, tumours and fibrous tissues etc.

Syphilis produces destructive disorder, which manifests as perversion, suppuration, ulceration and fissures.

The tubercular miasm produces changing symptomatology and confusing vague symptoms (e.g. dyspepsia, weakness, wasting and fever). Manifestations are variable, shifting in location, alternating in state and contradictory.

3.       Key Words and Expressions

Hypo-immunity.

‘Hyper’ — mental and physical.

Destruction — physical and mental.

Dissatisfaction.

Anxiety.

Hypertrophy; growths; incoordinations.

Degeneration.

Alternation; changeability; migratory.

Apprehension.

Necrosis and ulceration.

Periodic.

Alertness.

Putridity and acridity.

Recurrence.

Fears.

'Dyses'.

Allergic.

Irritation - mental and physical.

Irregular; arrhythmia.

Vague manifestations.

Sensitivity.

Craves the things, which make them sick.

4.     Diathesis

i)          Eruptive diathesis.

i)          Rheumatic and gouty.

i)          Suppurative or ulcerative diathesis.

i)          Scrofulous diathesis.

ii)        Lithic and uric acid.

ii)        Haemorrhagic diathesis.

iii)       Proliferative diathesis.

iii)       Allergic diathesis.

5.       Organs and Tissues Affected

Ectodermal tissues. Nervous system, endocrine system, blood vessels, liver and skin.

Entodermal and soft tissues.

Attacks internal organs, pelvis and sexual organs, and the blood (producing anaemia).

Mesodermal tissues. Soft tissues and bones; glandular tissues particularly the lymphatics.

Glandular tissue.

Patient is poor in bone, flesh and blood.

6.       Nature of Diseases

i)          Deficiency disorders.

i)          Deposition and/or proliferation of cells/tissues.

i)          Destructive, degenerative disorders, deformities, fragility.

i)          Depletion.

ii)        Drainage and wastage.

iii)       Alternating disorders.

7.       Pace of Action

i)          Hyperactive.

i)                     Extremely slow, insidious.

i)          Usually midway in pace, i.e. moderate. Though sometimes rapid and/or sometimes can be insidious.

i)          Depends according to preponderance of psoric or syphilitic miasm.

ii)        Dramatic development of symptoms.

ii)        Silent or even surreptitious in its manifestations.

ii)        Generally more overt in its manifestations.

8.       Constitution

Carbonitrogenoid (excess of carbon and nitrogen).

Hydrogenoid (excess of water).

Oxygenoid (excess of oxygen).

Changeable constitution with alternation and periodicity.

9.       Psychic Manifestations

a) The person

The sterile philosopher who has lots of ideas but cannot materialise them.

Theoretical persons with no sense of practicality at all.

Dishonesty, secretiveness, wickedness and impurity play a large part in the psoric nature.

Deceitful, sullen, cunning persons are sycotic. They are very practical, have a tendency to exploit others and care only for their own benefit and pleasures.

Syphilitic persons seem to have one emotion only -the urge for destruction. They lack any sense of realisation, duty and understanding.

Syphilitics are the committed criminals and cold-blooded murderers.

They suffer from a vitiated mentality, which impairs their sense of judgement.

The tubercular person is always dissatisfied and changeable.

They display both a lack of tolerance and of perseverance.

b) The nature of the miasm and the person

Psora is the sensitising miasm in that, hyperactivity and hypersensitivity of the mind and body result from increased susceptibility due to hypo-immunity.

Sycosis is the miasm of ‘hyper’ and incoordinations. These ‘hyper’ states result in abnormal behaviours and mental incoordinations such as extreme jealousy, loquacity and selfishness.

The destructive syphilitic patient has no love for their own life and either destroys themselves or kills others. They can be both suicidal and cold-blooded murderers. Syphilitics lack mercy and sympathy and may be called iconoclasts.

The changeable tubercular miasm results in dissatisfied patients who are changeable both mentally and physically.

c) Work

Quickly fatigued with a desire to lie down is characteristic of the psoric miasm. Patients may also be indolent.

Sycotics are hyper-workaholics.

Syphilitic patients show no interest in work due to their lack of realisation and understanding.

The changeable, impatient tubercular types are unable to concentrate on work.

d) Behaviour

Psora is fearful, anxious, alert and apprehensive. Nervous persons are psoric.

Sycosis is quarrelsome, jealous, selfish and cunning with a tendency to harm others and to harm animals. The sycotic patient may be ostentatious and fatuous, suspicious of his own work and surroundings. Mischievousness, meanness, and selfishness summarise the essence of sycosis.

Syphilis is cruel, destructive and perverted and may do harm to themselves or others.

Fearlessness and an absolute lack of anxiety are denominating features of the tubercular miasm. Patients are careless, unconcerned and indifferent about the seriousness of their sufferings and always hopeful of recovery.

e) Memory

Weakness of memory indicates psora.

Absentmindedness is sycotic. Patients lose the thread of the conversation. They are apt to forget the recent events but can remember the events of the past.

Forgetfulness is syphilitic. There is a kind of mental paralysis, the patient may read but cannot retain the information. The mind is slow.

Changeableness of thought and perception is tubercular.

f) Death

Fear of death is psoric There is also anticipation and anxiety regarding death.

Suicidal patients are mainly syphilo-sycotic.

The sycotic patient will plan their death but are unlikely to commit suicide as their attachment to life and will to live is usually too strong.

The syphilitic patient dwells on suicide, has suicidal thoughts and dreams and experiences the urge to commit suicide.

Love for their own life is destroyed.

When syphilis is coupled with sycosis it becomes the basis of most suicides and criminal inanities, and a preponderance of syphilis results in  sullen, smouldering persons likely to break out into dangerous manifestations.

Dissatisfaction with life, changeableness and a vagabond mentality can lead to suicidal impulses.

The tubercular instinct for self-destruction is characterised by carelessness.

g) Selfishness & Deprivation

Psora’s selfish impulses lead them to deprive others (a trait which is also strongly present in sycosis). Deprivation may also manifest in the sense of presenting a false or pseudo-image of themselves. They donate (though not voluntarily), large sums of money to charity, hoping to benefit in some way from their ‘generosity’.

Sycosis is present in all varieties of deprivation and rudeness. In a factory for example, where labour unrest is common, the sycotic manager tries to deprive the workers out of a concern for his own benefit. A sycotic person will always act in a most selfish way to deprive others.

The syphilitic lack of realisation results in patients who are unlikely to deprive others for their own benefit. However, a criminal, for example will not realise the impact that his time in prison will have on his family and is therefore selfish only in the sense of being focussed in one particular direction. The syphilitic patient with their destructive impulses, tend to forget or ignore other responsibilities.

Irritable and outrageous behaviour with a lack of tolerance can be reflected as the selfish nature of the tubercular miasm.

h) Fear

All varieties of fears are classed under psora and manifest as anxiety, alertness and apprehension of impending misfortune. Mental restlessness is one of the expressions of psoric fear.

As a result of incoordination of thoughts, sycotics manifest some fears. A millionaire for example can develop a constant fear of poverty, which is expressed as selfishness, suspicion and physical restlessness.

Syphilitic fears are not properly manifested due to a lack of realisation and expression.

The only possible outward feature one might expect from a syphilitic person is of anguish.

Fearlessness is characteristic of  the tubercular miasm and is expressed by the patient as a complete indifference regarding their health e.g. even at the height of fever they will say, “I am fine and don't need the doctor!”

There is one fear only and that is of dogs and sometimes other animals.

i) Expression

Psora is full of ideas and philosophical expression. They pile up books and switch from one to another reading only superficially. Psoric patients rarely go into any topic in depth, and although various ideas crowd their minds there is no practicality. This constant flow of ideas is a result of mental restlessness.

Jealousy and suspicion are very evident in sycotic expression, as are the tendencies to suppress and conceal.

This innate suspicion means that sycotic patients do not trust anything and repeatedly check everything.

The introverted, close-mouthed syphilitic patient keeps their depression to themselves and it only becomes apparent after they have committed suicide. They have a tendency to suppress and conceal and an inability to realise and express their symptoms. Any true form of expression is lacking.

Syphilitics have a desire to escape from themselves as well as from others. Their own idiocy, ignorance and obstinacy lead to melancholia and gloominess.

A desire for solitude can lead to depression and melancholia, resulting in suicidal impulses.

With the tubercular miasm, the mental symptoms, in particular anger, are especially aggravated after sleep. A feeling of dissatisfaction is clearly manifested in their face after sleeping.

Changeability, a lack of tolerance and impatience are the expressions of this miasm.

10. Key Words of Mental Manifestations

i)         Anxious and fearful.

i)      Suspicious and jealous.

i)  Destructive and melancholic.

i)    Changeable and fearless.

ii)        Philosophical.

ii)    Arrogant.

ii)  Close-mouthed.

ii)   Indifferent.

iii)       Irritability with anxiety.

iii)    Irritability explodes into anger — the patient may bang the table and throw things and restlessness results.

iii)  Irritability with cruelty.

iii)   Irritability with impatience.

iv)      Sadness.

iv)      Moaning.

iv)      Lamenting.

iv)      Changeable mood.

v)        Nervous.

v)        Chaos = Syco-Syphilo-Psora.

v)        Madness = Syphilo-Syco-Psora.

v)        Insanity = Mixed Miasmatic with tubercular.

vi)      Thoughtful but no practical sense.

vi)      Thoughtfulness focussed for their own personal benefits.

vi)      Vanishing of thoughts.

vi)      Changeability of thoughts.

vii)     Lack of concentration and weakness of memory

vii)     Incoordination in concentration and absentmindedness.

vii)     Total destruction of concentration; forgetfulness. Dullness is expressed as a weakness in perception.

vii)     Changeability of concentration.

viii)   Malicious = psora-syphilo-sycotic.

viii)   Mischievousness = syco-syphilo-psora.

viii)   Hatred = syphilo-syco-psora.

viii)   Indifference = tubercular.

ix)       Wariness of life = psora-syphilitic.

ix)       Tendency to exploit everything from life = sycotic.

ix)       Loathing of life = syphilo-psora.

ix)       Unfulfilling life = tubercular.

x)         Illusions.

x)         Delusions.

x)         Hallucinations and deliriums.

x)         Vacillation of thoughts.

xi)       Sadness and depression.

xi)       Irascibility, rudeness and ill manners.

xi)       Sentimental and closed-mouthed.

xi)       Independent and indifferent.

xii)      Psora initiates many schemes but there are always loop-holes and plans are seldom realised. They may plan a robbery but it is unlikely to happen.

xii)      Sycosis is cunning and practical and benefits at the expense of others. They can fill the loopholes and benefit from crime without appearing to be actually present.

xii)      Syphilis attacks the guard and is the hired criminal. These patients fail to realise that if they are caught they will be sent to prison and that there will be no one to look after their family!

xii)      The tubercular ‘criminal’ will commit to joining in a bank robbery but change their mind at the last moment and fail to turn up.

xiii)    The psoric memory is poor but the patient is studious and once they have learnt their subject they will remember it.

xiii)    Sycotics have an active memory and are able to record everything — the journalist type.

xiii)    Syphilitic patients cannot remember recent happenings but can recall past events in chronological order.

xiii)    Tubercular patients are intelligent and bright but make careless mistakes.